I-architecture ye-Downlink Reverse-TDoA yobunikazi: amabhikhoni amisiwe anebhethri asakaza, umamukeli ngaphakathi kwesigqoko uyalalela.
Ukuzulazula ngesathelayithi kuma emngceleni wesakhiwo. I-Bluetooth ne-Wi-Fi zikhombisa kuphela ukuthi umsebenzi ukuyiphi igumbi — okude kakhulu ezindaweni eziyingozi zezimboni. Umuntu omi ngokuphepha eduze kwesithiyo nomuntu ongena endaweni ekhishwe ngaphandle yizigameko zokusebenza ezihluke ngokuyisisekelo. Ngaphezu komkhawulo othile wokunemba, izixhumanisi ziguquka zisuka kumamaka emephu alula zibe yizigameko eziqinisekisiwe: ukungena endaweni, isikhathi sokuhlala, nemikhondo yokuhamba enembile.
I-UWB inikeze ukulandelela okunembayo iminyaka engaphezu kweshumi, kodwa ukusetshenziswa kwayo kwezimboni kubambezeleke ngenxa yezimo zezohwebo kunokulinganiselwa kobuchwepheshe. Ezinhlelweni ezijwayelekile ze-uplink-TDoA, ama-anchor amisiwe kufanele amukele amaphakethe awo wonke ama-tag, agcine ukuvumelanisa isikhathi okunezintambo okungaphansi kwe-nanosecond, futhi abuyisele izilinganiso nge-Ethernet. Izinkomba zezimboni zikhombisa ukuthi cishe u-85% wezindleko zokufaka zizonke zivela ezintanjeni kuphela: imibhobho yezintambo, ama-PoE switch, izinsimbi zezimboni, nomsebenzi kagesi oqinisekisiwe.
Umthamo uyisithiyo sesibili esibulalayo. Amanani ama-tag amakethiwe avame ukuba izibalo zethiyori: ngokufinyelela kwesiteshi se-ALOHA okungahleliwe ku-18% nje kuphela, cishe ingxenye eyodwa kwezintathu yokudluliselwa iyashayisana. Amaphrofayili e-radio anesilinganiso sedatha esiphezulu amakethwe ngomthamo awakwazi ukumelana nensimbi yesakhiwo nokubonakala kwe-multipath. Ekuphepheni kwezimboni, iphakethe elehlisiwe lisho umsebenzi ongagadiwe.
Umbiko wezobuchwepheshe TR-XENOM-2025-01, ukuhlolwa okumisiwe ku-DW1000 platform namabhikhoni amane.
Siguqule umugqa wokulinganisa. Amabhikhoni amisiwe, anamandla aphansi asakaza amaphakethe e-UWB obunikazi, futhi umamukeli ofakwe esigqokweni ulalela nje. Amabhikhoni asebenza ngokuzimela ngaphandle kokuphatha ukuxhumana okubuyayo noma ukulalela ama-tag.
Akukho amanethiwekhi okusabalalisa isikhathi futhi akukho zintambo zedatha ezibuyayo. Ngesikhathi sokusakaza esijwayelekile se-300 ms, ibhikhoni isebenza cishe izinsuku eziyisithupha ngephakethe langaphandle elijwayelekile le-10,000 mAh — ihlolwe endaweni futhi yaqinisekiswa ekusebenzeni okuqhubekayo. Amabhikhoni abekwa lapho kubonakala kudingeka khona, hhayi lapho izintambo zenethiwekhi zikhomba khona.
Amabhikhoni nezindlela ze-RF zomamukeli azidingi ukulinganisa okuyinkimbinkimbi kwedivayisi ngayinye. Ukufakwa kuwukuhlela kwe-radio kuphela: ukukhetha izindawo zama-anchor, ukubhala izixhumanisi zocwaningo, nokuqinisekisa izindawo zokumboza.
Izigqoko zisebenza ngendlela yokulalela kuphela. Ukungeza abasebenzi abangu-10,000 kwakha ukudluliselwa kwe-UWB okwengeziwe okunguziro nokungqubuzana kwe-radio okunguziro. Ukwanda kwengqalasizinda kuncike kuphela kusayizi wesiza nejometri — hhayi ngenani labasebenzi.
Umamukeli we-UWB wakhelwe esigqokweni sokuphepha. Akukho i-tag yesibili okufanele ibhalwe, ishajwe, ibuyiswe, noma ishintshwe, futhi akukho nethuba lokuthi umsebenzi ashiye ibhikhoni yakhe yokubeka endaweni yokugcina izinto.
Sikhethe ngamabomu amanani edatha aphansi anezandiso ezinde, sibeka phambili i-RF link budget nokuqina kwe-multipath ezindaweni ezinezinsimbi ezinzima ngaphezu kwezibalo zethiyori eziphezulu eziwa ezimbonini zangempela.
Izibalo zivela egumbini elinefenisha, hhayi elebhu engenalutho: ukungaboni ngqo okuqhubekayo, izindlela ze-radio eziwela izindonga ezimbili ze-plasterboard, amabhikhoni amabili kwamane ami eduze kwamaphrinta e-resin anamagumbi okwelapha ensimbi, nesibuko esibheke ngqo kwesesithathu. Akukho Kalman filter, isilinganiso esihambayo noma ukushelela komkhondo kwanoma yiluphi uhlobo okwasetshenziswa.
Ukuhlolwa kusebenzise amabhikhoni amane nomamukeli omile ku-DW1000 platform. I-architecture iphinde isetshenziswe ku-DW3000, kodwa le miphumela yobuningi ayidluleli kuyo — noma endaweni yezimboni ngesilinganiso esinabasebenzi abahambayo — ngaphandle komkhankaso wokulinganisa ohlukile.
Uchungechunge lokucindezeleka olungahle kabi ngamabomu luyingxenye yedatha eshicilelwe: ukutholakala kwezixhumanisi kwehle kwafinyelela ku-15.79% futhi iphutha le-radial le-P95 lenyuka laya ku-93.94 cm. Ukususa ukuvumelanisa okunezintambo kwenza kube lula ukufaka. Akususi isidingo sobunjiniyela bokumboza nokuhlolwa kokwamukela.
Ubukhona endaweni eyingozi, kutholwe ngesikhathi sokungena
Isikhathi esichithwe ezindaweni zokusebenza, eziyingozi, zesevisi nezokulinda
Ukushintsha kweshaneli ye-radio okuzenzakalelayo ngendawo
Ukulawulwa kokufinyelela emagumbini athile
Indawo yabasebenzi ngesikhathi sokuphuma
Ukuhlaziywa komzila nesigameko, nokukhiqizwa kwesigameko segumbi lokulawula
I-architecture efanayo ingalungela ukuzulazula kwangaphakathi kumafoni wabathengi — umlaleli ongenzi lutho obala indawo yakhe, namabhikhoni ngokwakhiwa angazi ukuthi ubani olalele. Lokho yisona simo i-FiRa esibiza nge-Untracked Indoor Navigation. I-Apple yethule i-DL-TDoA API ku-iOS 26 futhi i-Google yengeze ukusekelwa kwe-FiRa 4.0 ku-Android 17, kodwa ifomethi yethu yephakethe ingeyobunikazi futhi ama-API wesistimu yefoni akayiqondi. Ukushintsha amabhikhoni abe yimodi evamile ye-FiRa kungasho ukubuyela kunethiwekhi yama-anchor okufanele ahlale ehlangana — kulahlekelwa ukuzimela i-architecture eyakhelwe kona. Indlela eqondile idinga abakhiqizi be-Apple ne-Android ukuthi bavule ukufinyelela konjiniyela kumafreyimu e-UWB amukelwe nezimpawu zabo zesikhathi ze-hardware. Kuze kube lokho kwenzeka lokhu kuyisiqondiso socwaningo, hhayi isici esithunyelwe, futhi sigcina umehluko ngamabomu.